Kusukela ngesikhathi amabhayisikili okuqala eqala ukwenziwa futhi adayiswe engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19 laseFrance asheshe axhumene nomjaho.Kule minyaka yokuqala, imijaho yayijwayele ukwenziwa ezindaweni ezimfishane ngenxa yokuthi izinto zokwakha zazingabavumeli abashayeli ukuthi bashayele ngesivinini isikhathi eside.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yengcindezi evela kubakhiqizi abaningi bamabhayisikili abaqala ukuvela eParis, inkampani yokuqala eyakha ibhayisikili lokuqala lesimanje, iMichaux Company, yanquma ukukhuthaza umcimbi owodwa omkhulu womjaho owavusa isasasa elikhulu kubantu baseParis.Lo mjaho wenzeka zingama-31 kuNhlaba 1868 eParc de Saint-Cloud, owawina kwaba yiNgisi uJames Moore.Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, umjaho wamabhayisikili waba insakavukela eFrance nase-Italy, kwanda izenzakalo ezazizama ukusunduza imingcele yamabhayisikili okhuni nawensimbi ngaleso sikhathi ayengasenawo amathayi enjoloba omoya.Abakhiqizi abaningi bamabhayisikili bawusekela ngokugcwele umjaho wamabhayisikili, benza amamodeli angcono nangcono abehloselwe ukusetshenziselwa imijaho kuphela, futhi abaqhudelana nabo baqala ukuthola imiklomelo ehlonipheke kakhulu emicimbini enjalo.
Ngenkathi imidlalo yamabhayisikili ya ngokuya iduma, imijaho ngokwayo yaqala ukubanjwa hhayi emigwaqweni yomphakathi kuphela kodwa nasemathrekhi emijaho enziwe ngaphambilini kanye nama-velodrome.Ngo-1880 kanye nawo-1890, umjaho wamabhayisikili wamukelwa kabanzi njengomunye wemidlalo emisha engcono kakhulu.Abalandeli bamabhayisikili abaqeqeshiwe bakhula kakhulu ngokuduma kwemijaho emide, ikakhulukazi umjaho wase-Italy waseMilan-Turing ngo-1876, iBelgian Liege-Bastogne-Liege ngo-1892, kanye ne-French Paris-Roubaix ngo-1896. I-United States iphinde yaba nesabelo sayo semijaho. , ikakhulukazi ngeminyaka yawo-1890 lapho imijaho yezinsuku eziyisithupha yanda kakhulu (ekuqaleni kwaphoqa umshayeli oyedwa ukuba ashayele ngaphandle kokuma, kodwa kamuva kwavunyelwa amaqembu abantu ababili).Umjaho wamabhayisikili wawudume kakhulu kangangokuthi wafakwa emidlalweni yama-Olympic yokuqala yesimanje ngo-1896.
Ngezinto ezingcono kakhulu zamabhayisikili, imiklamo emisha kanye nokuduma okukhulu emphakathini nabaxhasi, amaFulentshi anqume ukuhlela umcimbi owawulangazelela ngendlela emangalisayo - umjaho wamabhayisikili owawuzohlanganisa lonke elaseFrance.Ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziyisithupha futhi ihlanganisa amakhilomitha angu-1500, i-Tour de France yokuqala yaba ngo-1903. Kusukela eParis, umjaho wathuthela eLyon, eMarseille, eBordeaux naseNantes ngaphambi kokubuyela eParis.Ngomklomelo omkhulu kanye nezikhuthazo ezinhle zokugcina ijubane elihle lika-20 km/h, cishe abangenele abangu-80 babhalisela lowo mjaho onzima, kwathi uMaurice Garin owine indawo yokuqala ngemva kokushayela ama-94h 33m 14s futhi wawina umklomelo olingana nomholo waminyaka yonke. abasebenzi basefekthri abayisithupha.Ukuduma kwe-Tour de France kwakhula kwafinyelela ezingeni elinjalo, kangangokuthi abashayeli bomjaho bango-1904 babefakwa kakhulu kubantu ababefuna ukukopela.Ngemuva kwengxabano enkulu kanye nenani elimangalisayo lokuhoxiswa, ukuwina okusemthethweni kwanikezwa umshayeli waseFrance oneminyaka engama-20 u-Henri Cornet.
Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I, umdlandla womjaho wamabhayisikili okhokhelwayo wephuza ukukhula, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokufa kwabashayeli abaningi abaphezulu baseYurophu kanye nezikhathi ezinzima zomnotho.Ngaleso sikhathi, imijaho yamabhayisikili ochwepheshe yaduma kakhulu e-United States (owayengathandi ukugijima amabanga amade njengase-Europe).Okunye okwathinta kakhulu ukuthandwa kwamabhayisikili kwavela embonini yezimoto, eyaduma izindlela zokuhamba ngokushesha.Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okukhokhelwayo kwakwazi ukuduma nakakhulu eYurophu, kwakhanga amachibi amakhulu emiklomelo futhi kwaphoqa umgibeli wamabhayisikili ovela emhlabeni wonke ukuba aqhudelane emicimbini eminingi yaseYurophu ngoba amazwe akubo ayengakwazi ukufanisa izinga lenhlangano, ukuncintisana. kanye nemali yomklomelo.Ngawo-1960, abashayeli baseMelika bangena kakhulu endaweni yamabhayisikili ase-Europe, kodwa ngeminyaka yawo-1980 abashayeli base-Europe baqala ukuncintisana kakhulu e-United States.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, imijaho yamabhayisikili asezintabeni yavela, futhi izinto ezithuthukisiwe eziyinhlanganisela zenze ukuhamba kwamabhayisikili kwekhulunyaka lama-21 kwaqhudelana kakhulu futhi kwathakazelisa ukukubuka.Ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100 kamuva, i-Tour de France ne-Giro d'Italia imijaho emibili yamabhayisikili amabanga amade edume kakhulu emhlabeni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-07-2022